Electrical apparatus.



S. M. BSLER.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLIGATION FILED JUNE 9,1910.

1 ,O69,401 Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

I7JCJe7Di TCDT", Samua/ /7. ES/ET, Q51 73/5 RFC/g5.

mm, Mada/1:1 1 W S. M. BSLER.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE9,1910.

1,069,401 Patented Aug: 5, 1913.

2 SHEETS SHEET 2.

Me /0- F/ .4 G 3/ 20 PMC5355555. Inc/9732:3071

Samue/ liEs/ef', by his HUS" S.

7114M, (adwwk (W SAMUEL M. ESLER, OF MGHENRY, ILLINOIS.

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent,

a Application'filed lime 9, 1910.

Patented A 11g. 5,1 913.

Serial No. 565,981.

tus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrical apparatus.

More particularly, the invention is shown as it may be applied to a system for metering electric current, in which a person at a distance, as for example, at a center of distribution or a central station, desires at dif ferent times to shift the arrangements at the consumers stat-ions so as to operate the meter at different rates, or to register different percentages of the power passing. The apparatus is herein shown as it may be applied to theparticular variety of multiple metersin'which there is a single recording apparatus and various means for operating that apparatus; and the inventionrelates to a device for-shifting from one such means to another, so that, at the will of a person at a distance, either one of said operating means which is actuated shall be put in operation. Hitherto, so far as I am aware, this has not been accom plished without the use of an extraovlre forming a part of an independent circuit by which the switch or other changing mechanism is operated. Although its application to only this particular apparatus is shown, it will be obvious that the invention is not limited in its application to the spe cific apparatus herein shown and described, but may be applied in other connections and to different apparatus or for different purposes.

The objects of the invention are accomplished by providin a ratchet arrangement y a magnet; and the magnet is actuated, without the use'of any auxiliary or extra wire in addition to those normally constituting the main circuit, by a momentary change in the potential of the main circuit.

The invention comprises means by which the desired effect may be attained by a com plete interruption and restoration of the cir cuit, or in which it may be attained by a momentary reduction of potential not amounting to a complete interruption, yet

will not result in case a complete interruption occurs. This isbecause it is desirable in some types of circuits that there should be no complete interruption under normal conditions; and also because it is desirable in any circuit that an accidental interruption of the circuit, such as happens from time to time for brief periods, should not cause an unintended operation of the apparatus.

The invention comprises other features of novelty incidental to the apparatus and me ter hereinafter described or shown in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of one type of apparatus embodying the invention, in one normal working position; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same in a different normal working position; Fig. 3 is an elevation of the same in still aylifierent normal working position; and Fig. i is a diagrammatical representation of a circuit embodying the invention.

Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Fig. 4, an electrical generator is represented having poles 10 and 20 from which line wires, 11 and 21, and branch wires 12 and 22, lead to a meter 9; whence wires 13 and 23 lead to the load 8. In the meter the low resistancecoil, through which the current passes, is marked 6, and the high resistance-coil, which is connected across the poles is marked 7. IA shunt across the meter is provided by means of wire 24, resistance 25, switch 26 and wire 27. The resistance 25 is represented as variable, but for many purposes a fixed resistance would serve all needs. According to the total resistance of the shunt, including this resistance-coil 25, the amount of current which flows through the meter coil 6 varies; and consequently when the shunt is connectedthe meter registers only a fraction of the power actually passing from the main line to the load, instead of registering it all as it does when the shunt is not connected. Means is provided to connect and disconnect this shunt, consisting of a switch 26 which is actuated by a gear 30, meshing with and-driven by a gear 31, which in turn is actuated by a ratchet 32 driven step by step by a pawl 83. The pawl is actuated by an armature 3 of a magnet 35, energized by a coil 36 which is connected to the main line wires through wires 18 and 28. Upon a reduction of potential in the main line the pull of the magnet 35 on its armature 34 is reduced. When low enough, the armature falls from the position seen in Fig. 1 to that seen in Fig. 2, the pawl moving down as l2l(llt't1tt.(l. When the normal. potential is restored. the armature is drawn backto the position seen in Fig. 1; and the pawl, having fallen far eno igh to engage the next tooth ot the ratchet causes the ratchet and gear 31 to rotate, thus turning the small gear 30 and the switch 26. As illustrated, the ratio of gearing s such that a quarter turn of the switch 90 corresponds to one tooth of the ratchet. Consequently, whichever position the switch be in, a movement of the ratchet one step will turn it to its other position, the two positions being illustrated in Figs. 1 and A pin 37 is provided, which limits the downward movement of the armature and pawl.

In some cases an additional feature of the invention may be added. -This is shown in all the figures of the drawing, and consists of an armature 40 at the other end ofthe magnet, held on a lever 40 pivoted at 41 and provided with a spring 42 which tends normally to raise the armature. A keeper 43 hangs from the lever and has a lug 44 under the lever which holds pawl 83, so arranged that when the armature 40 is up, as

shown in Fig. 3, against its stop 'pin 45, log 44 is high enough tolhol'd pawl 33 too'high to engage in the next lower tooth'of the ratchet, as seen in Fig. 3. The parts should be adjusted with respect to strength of magnet, spring, etc., so that a reduction in voltage in the line of about thirty to fifty per cent. will release the lower armature 34, but

not the upper armature 40. In case the circuit is broken entirely, the armature 40 is released so that the spring 42 acts to raise .leyer 40. The lug 44, rising with it, holds the pawl too high to engage in the next tooth of the ratchet, as above described.

Fig. 1 shows the apparatus in one normal condition of use, in which the switch 26 is closed and, the shunt being thus connected, only a portion of the current passes through the current coil Got the meter, and therefore only a portion of the-energy used is registered by the meter. \Vhat proportion that is, is determined by the resistance of the shunt with relation to the current coil 6, and that proportion may be adjusted or altered at will by adjustment of the variable re sistance 25, or it may be fixed once for all by providing a shunt whose total resistance is not variable.

It is contemplated that a (ll3tllbtlti0n system of electricity to various consun'ters may be provided with a device of the sort dcscribtd at each consuinensplace. A similar apparatus, to serve as a pilot, may he installed at the central station or point of control. During certain hours the switch 26 will be open, allowing the meter to register the full amountfiof energy which is being consumed. If, however, it be desired, at cerof the voltage sufficientto release armature 34, whether amounting to a complete interruption of current or not, would be suiiicient to actuate the apparatus. The pilot "at the control station would at any time show the operator the. conditionin which meters in all parts of the system were standing; so

that if any extraordinary or unintended interruption or reduption of voltage occurred, setting the meters in a position not desired,

he could set. themright by repeating the in terruption. If the armature 40 and its.con-

nected parts be added to the apparatus, a reduction of voltage to a predetermined amount would let armature 34 ,down' to the position shown in E ig. 2, without releasing armature 40. The depending keeper 43 is long enough so that its lug 44 will not be reached under these conditions, in which the armature 40 is held by the magnet. Upon the restoration of voltage in the mainline, armature 34 will be raised and the switch 26 actuated. I Y

Fig. 2 represents the apparatus-during such a momentary reduction of voltage in which the parts are in the position preceding that which they occupy in Fig. 1. If a. complete interruption of the circuit occurs, or so great a reduction of voltage as to release the armature 40, both armatures begin simultaneously to move away from the magnet, andit follows that before the armature 34 has fallen far enough for its pawl to engage the next tooth of the ratchet, the spring 45 has lifted the keeper 43 and lug 44 far enough to prevent such engagement. The

keeper holds it so: and when normal potential is restored in the line, and the magnet draws armature'34, the pawl does not actuate the switch.

While the drawings illustrate an improved method of altering the recording action of the 1reters,,'the switch 'mi'ghtactuate some other, whether mechanical or electrical, method ofj changing the reading of the meter. It will also be obvious that the invention herein disclosed is applicable to other uses, and may operate devices other than the specific device and application of the invention herein disclosed, it being competent by this means to actuate any oontriv-- ance at a distance from the controlling operator without the aid of'an auxiliary present movemeni of said armaiure ifG its wire, bug merely by re imztion and r' sstorw iiun oi the voit-( ge in the main wires T. claim as my invention and (ii-sire in secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination of an eiectrmmagjmiz; m1 armature drawn by it; anather armature 1 ,10 fiiitii and adapted to be nimgnet Hy drawn by the same currentthat draws the first mimaturc; said nmignet and :u'nmiures being arranged for forces, acting on the :u-nmturcs and Weaker than the said magmtic forces; acting Li ereon m Withfim v the zu'mzitures Wi'icn the current siz'eriggth Sui; ficientiy reduced; a greater reduction of (Fm-rent strength being required to l'eiaasa the second armature than is required in re lease the first; and a keepar for? the first mnmium, ai'taciiai t0 the second armature and ndapimi t0 iiinit she withrimwal of the firsi; armature 'Wi'ldi'iQVfil flag secimci armature is simuitmieousi dink-awn.

The iizoniiiiinaiion of an. elecim-magnet; m1 armature, ililQStE being mounted and :u' 111m gecii so that upon reduction of the magiwt Si'iifligiii to an abmrnmi degree, a :iorca weaker than. the 510mm nmgnet strength may move the armature away tha armature moving toward the magnet again upan resiwrntion of magmet strength; and mamas to full distance from the magnet, said preven i'ive means being normally mid 1n mOpfim- Washingten, 33. C.

pasiiii i'i irina-im-e when suddenly from marina-1&0

iormaiiy rediwed magnet u-iiiwut eiiectaizzi recession from its posit-i321 which cnrresp mds to normal current flaw.

i. device adapteci to be controlled by current from supply conciuctors and having a mm aiiie member actuaxteti by abnormal reduction in 5110 flowing current, saiii member being held against effective actuation, and inappmxinmbei the pa. ion corresponding in normal flow when 11m 530W 0'! current ceases Feud? Signed by me, first day (if J iinesseai JULIA H. SIMQM @TQFFEL.

each, by afisiressing this fiommissioneir sf 

